If you’ve started taking semaglutide to manage diabetes or aid in weight loss, you may be excited about the potential health benefits. From better blood sugar control to significant weight loss, this medication can help you reach and sustain your health and weight goals. However, like all medications, semaglutide comes with potential side effects—and one of the more concerning ones involves vision changes.

Some individuals taking semaglutide report noticing blurry vision or a sudden decline in sight shortly after starting semaglutide, usually within the first year. While the risk of vision-related side effects is low, it’s essential to recognize them and act promptly. In this article from Genesis Lifestyle Medicine, we discuss what you can do if semaglutide affects your vision.

The link between semaglutide and vision

Semaglutide mimics a hormone that helps regulate appetite and blood sugar. However, recent studies have linked this medication to rare but serious eye conditions, such as non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), which can lead to sudden vision loss in one eye. While uncommon, it is important to be vigilant about your eye health when starting semaglutide.

For individuals with diabetes, semaglutide may also temporarily worsen diabetic retinopathy, a condition caused by damage to the blood vessels in the retina. This occurs because rapid blood sugar improvements can sometimes exacerbate existing eye conditions before leading to long-term benefits. While the majority of people experience no vision issues, understanding these risks ensures you’re prepared to take the necessary steps if problems arise.

You have a higher risk of vision problems if…

• You have a history of diabetic retinopathy
• You have high blood pressure or sleep apnea
• You already have optic nerve conditions like glaucoma
• You experience rapid blood sugar changes
• You’ve had vision problems before starting semaglutide
• You’re older and have age-related changes in the optic nerve

What should you do if semaglutide is affecting your vision?

Schedule an eye exam immediately

If you notice changes in your vision after starting semaglutide, book an appointment with an eye doctor. Eye specialists can detect conditions like NAION or worsening diabetic retinopathy early, giving you a chance to manage the situation before it becomes severe. Routine eye exams are vital, especially if you have diabetes or other conditions that put you at risk for eye problems.

Talk to your healthcare provider

You can discuss your vision concerns with your primary care physician or specialist managing your semaglutide treatment. They can evaluate whether the medication is contributing to your symptoms and may adjust your dose or explore alternative therapies.

Monitor your blood sugar levels closely

Rapid changes in blood sugar can contribute to vision problems, including blurred vision and complications like diabetic retinopathy. A continuous glucose monitor (CGM) can help you track your levels in real-time, making it easier to maintain stability. Alternatively, check your blood sugar regularly using traditional methods. Sudden spikes or drops in blood sugar can alter the shape of your eye’s lens, leading to temporary blurriness or worsening pre-existing conditions.

Maintain regular follow-ups

Proactive healthcare is essential when managing the side effects of GLP-1 medications. Schedule regular appointments with your primary care provider and eye specialist to avoid potential complications. These check-ins enable your healthcare team to monitor your overall health, adjust treatments as needed, and catch any signs of vision changes. Comprehensive care is especially important for patients with pre-existing conditions like diabetes.

Make lifestyle adjustments

Healthy lifestyle habits can reduce the likelihood of side effects. A balanced diet rich in nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A, C, and E, and antioxidants, supports blood sugar levels and eye health. Stay hydrated, as proper hydration helps maintain the fluid balance in your eyes. Regular physical activity improves cardiovascular health, reducing the risk of conditions like high blood pressure contributing to eye problems.

While semaglutide offers significant benefits for managing Type 2 diabetes and weight loss, it’s crucial to remain vigilant about potential side effects, including vision problems. By recognizing the risks, staying proactive, and seeking expert guidance, you can protect your eye health while reaping the benefits of your treatment. Schedule a consultation at Genesis Lifestyle Medicine, we provide personalized care to help you achieve your health goals safely and effectively.