Facing an ovarian cancer diagnosis can feel physically and emotionally overwhelming, especially when trying to understand the many treatment options available. While surgery and chemotherapy are well-known, hormone therapy is a powerful yet lesser-known treatment for specific types of ovarian cancer. This approach taps into the body’s own hormone systems, using specialized medications to slow cancer growth and reduce the risk of recurrence.

At Genesis Lifestyle Medicine, we believe in empowering you with knowledge and personalized care to tackle even the most complex health challenges. Hormone therapy is one of the many advanced treatments we offer, tailored to address your unique needs. In this guide, we’ll explore how hormone therapy works, who it’s suited for, and its benefits.

What is hormone therapy for ovarian cancer?

Hormone therapy, also known as endocrine therapy, is a systemic treatment that affects the entire body. Unlike localized treatments like surgery or radiation, it targets hormones that influence the growth of certain ovarian cancer cells. This therapy can block hormones or stop your body from producing them, effectively putting the brakes on cancer progression.

This approach is often recommended for ovarian stromal tumors, a rare type of ovarian cancer. Sometimes, it may also treat recurring or low-grade epithelial ovarian cancers. However, hormone therapy is not typically a first-line treatment; surgery and chemotherapy remain the first lines of treatment. Hormone therapy is considered when other treatments are not suitable or have not been effective.

Who can benefit from hormone therapy?

Hormone therapy isn’t a universal solution for all ovarian cancer cases. Your eligibility depends on several factors:

• Cancer type and stage: Hormone therapy is primarily used for ovarian stromal tumors and certain low-grade epithelial cancers.
  
• Previous treatments: It may be an option if your cancer has recurred or if prior treatments, such as chemotherapy, haven’t delivered the desired results.
  
• Hormone receptor status: Before recommending hormone therapy, your doctor will perform a hormone receptor test to determine if your cancer cells have receptors for hormones like estrogen. If the test is positive, hormone therapy might be an effective option.

Types of hormone therapy drugs

Several classes of hormone therapy drugs are used to treat ovarian cancer. Your doctor will select the most suitable option based on your cancer type, progression, and overall health.

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists
LHRH agonists work by reducing estrogen production in your ovaries. They are typically prescribed for premenopausal women. Common LHRH agonists include goserelin (Zoladex) and leuprolide (Lupron). These drugs are administered as injections every 1 to 3 months and help slow the growth of hormone-fueled tumors.

Tamoxifen
Originally developed for breast cancer treatment, tamoxifen is sometimes used for ovarian stromal tumors. It blocks estrogen from binding to cancer cells, reducing their ability to grow and spread. While effective, tamoxifen requires careful monitoring due to potential side effects like blood clots and an increased risk of other cancers.

Aromatase inhibitors
Aromatase inhibitors, such as anastrozole (Arimidex), exemestane (Aromasin), and letrozole (Femara), are meant for postmenopausal women. These medications block the enzyme aromatase, which converts hormones into estrogen. They are taken as daily pills and are particularly effective for low-grade serous carcinomas and recurring stromal tumors.

How hormone therapy is administered

Hormone therapy is a systemic treatment that impacts your entire body rather than targeting a specific area. Depending on the drug, you may take it as an oral medication or receive it via injection. For the best results, it’s crucial to follow your doctor’s instructions regarding dosage and timing. Your care team will monitor your progress regularly, using tests and scans to assess the treatment's effectiveness and adjust your plan if necessary.

 Potential side effects of hormone therapy

As with any treatment, hormone therapy comes with potential side effects, including:

• Hot flashes
• Vaginal dryness
• Joint and muscle pain
• Loss of sex drive
• Weak bones (with long-term use of certain medications)

The importance of a multidisciplinary approach

Hormone therapy for ovarian cancer is most effective when integrated into a comprehensive treatment plan. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation often play key roles alongside hormone therapy, addressing different aspects of the disease. Additionally, supportive care services such as nutritional counseling and mental health support can improve your overall resilience.

Hormone therapy represents a valuable tool in the fight against ovarian cancer, especially for certain rare types and recurring cases. By targeting the hormones that fuel cancer growth, this treatment can slow disease progression, ease symptoms, and reduce the risk of recurrence. If you’re considering hormone therapy, please schedule a consultation with our experienced team to explore your options.